arun@pphmj.com

Wireless communication is the most growing area in the field of communications and wireless networks as their key components become increasingly important in our life. Despite the great advancement of wireless networks in recent years, most wireless networks are vulnerable to jamming attacks because of the openness of the wireless channel. The purpose of jamming is to cause interference with the adversary’s or enemy’s effective use of electromagnetic spectrum [1]. In contrast to jamming, which is typically used for attack purposes, friendly jamming is a technique used to protect against attacks. We start by introducing the basic jamming concepts and fields of use. The focus of our review is based on jamming and friendly jamming techniques, their application fields, their limitations, and challenges for different kinds of networks such as WLANs, 5G radio networks, cognitive radio networks, vehicular wireless networks and fly ad-hoc networks. Received: May 6, 2022 Accepted: June 28, 2022

The proposed antenna structure is designed for modern wireless communication systems. The antenna structure is consistent with twelve-unit metamaterial (MTM) unit cells. Therefore, the antenna size is miniaturized effectively to 30 × 40mm2 which is equivalently about where is the free space wavelength at 2.7GHz. This is achieved by conducting the use of Hilbert shape MTM structure with T-resonator induction structure. The antenna structure is printed on a single side substrate to cover the frequency bands from 2.7GHz to 3.7GHz and 5.4GHz to 5.6GHz. Such antenna is found to provide a maximum gain of 2.2dBi at first and the second band of interest. Next, proposed antenna is found to be circularly polarized at 3.3GHz and 5.6GHz. The proposed antenna performance is simulated numerically using CST MWS software package with all design methodology that is chosen to arrive to the optimal performance. Then, the optimal antenna design is tested numerically using HFSS software package for validation. Finally, an excellent agreement is achieved between the two conducted software results.

In order to provide quicker innovation, adaptable resources, and scale economies, cloud computing is the supply of computing services, including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence, over the Internet. As technology advanced in recent years, cloud technologies were increasingly utilized. Cloud technologies are appealing because data may be stored, transmitted to numerous locations at once, and accessed at any time. It is a system that enables data storage on the Internet, releasing users from the constraints of physical settings and storage devices and enabling access from any location at any time. Received: August 18, 2023 Accepted: October 3, 2023

This article presents a contribution to management approaches aimed at modernizing the agricultural sector in Republic of Congo by setting up an automatic control and regulation system for an agricultural greenhouse. This system will enable farmers, via a mobile phone network, to effectively control their greenhouses in order to ensure excellent quantitative and qualitative production on the one hand, and to reduce operating costs via automatic control on the other. In order to achieve this, the first step was to set up a network of intelligent sensors located at certain points in the greenhouse, enabling the state of the climatic parameters in the greenhouse to be monitored in real time. Everything can be monitored from a data center. The second stage consisted in programming an IoT Cloud platform which, via the Internet, can be used to obtain the values of climatic parameters in real time and record them in a database, configure the controller’s set points and intervene manually and/or automatically on the greenhouse’s actuators. A WhatsApp notification system is used to notify when action needs to be taken. A prototype agricultural greenhouse is being built to test the performance and facilitate the operation of this system. Received: August 21, 2023 Accepted: October 3, 2023

Traditional cloud-centric approaches are facing increasing demands for instant data processing and significant challenges in meeting the latency requirements of modern applications. Edge computing emerges as a promising approach that brings computation and data storage closer to the edge of the network, enabling real-time decision-making with reduced latency and enhanced efficiency. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of edge computing, describing its fundamental principles, architectural components, and key advantages over centralized cloud infrastructures. By minimizing data transfer latency, edge computing ensures that critical data analysis and processing occur close to data sources, resulting in enhanced responsiveness and improved user experiences. The paper analyzes two case studies, including autonomous driving vehicles and finance, in order to highlight the applications of edge computing in areas where real-time decision-making is crucial. In addition to discussing the benefits of edge computing, the paper addresses the potential challenges and constraints associated with  edge computing implementation. Security and privacy concerns in decentralized edge environments are explored, and several protection strategies are described. Finally, the paper outlines the future of edge computing for organizations and the technology industry. In doing so, the paper discusses the potential of edge computing in supporting emerging technologies, such as 5G networks and autonomous systems. Received: December 19, 2023 Accepted: February 2, 2024